ABSTRACT
Objectives This study aims to investigate the impact of various demographic, environmental, and topographical factors on COVID-19 mortality rates in different geographical provinces of Iran.Methods The research utilized data from DATASUS (Ministry of Health), International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10), WorldClimV1, Sentinel-5P TROPOMI-based datasets, Open Street Map (OSM), and the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission satellite (SRTM) to gather mortality, demographic, environmental, and topographical data, evaluating them by sex, age group, and province. The analysis employed Geographic Information Systems methodology and logistic regression.Results Higher mortality rates were observed in the central and southern regions, with West Azerbaijan and Sistan-Baluchestan provinces showing elevated rates compared to their population sizes. Additionally, South Khorasan, Sistan-Baluchestan, Semnan, Bushehr, and Ilam provinces exhibited higher mortality ratios relative to mean temperature. The central and southern provinces displayed a higher ratio of air pollution concerning Covid-19 mortality, notably around Uremia Lake, showing a significant correlation. Logistic regression analysis revealed positive correlations of NO2 and O3 with Covid-19 mortality, while CO2 and SO2 showed negative correlations. Furthermore, population, population density, and area emerged as the most influential factors affecting the Covid-19 mortality rate.Conclusions The findings of this study offer valuable insights for policymakers and public health officials to develop targeted interventions for reducing the virus's impact in high-risk areas and enhancing healthcare resources and infrastructure in urban settings.
Subject(s)
Malocclusion , Uremia , COVID-19ABSTRACT
Background: Community participation can be very effective in crisis situations like the Covid-19 pandemic. However, the effectiveness of community engagement in this pandemic is not well studied, particularly in low and middle-income countries. Objective To evaluate the role of this community-based intervention on covid-19 epidemics outcomes in Iran. Methods Three categories of interventions (supportive, caring, and supervisory) were carried out using volunteer forces, organized in neighborhood-based teams during the Covid-19 epidemic in Iran started in November 2020. The evaluation was conducted 4 months later. Different data resources, including information on outpatients, hospitalizations, and medical care monitoring center (McMc) were employed. The basic reproductive rate (R 0 ) was calculated, and other statistical-epidemiological analyzes such as time series, Regression analysis, and Basic generator size were also used. Results Deaths per day declined from 479 to 75 within the study period. R 0 decreased from 1.26 to 0.86. PCR tests reached from 661 to 1601 /100000. The incidence rate of the disease reached 0.2 per hundred thousand people to 0.05 per hundred thousand people. The number of hospitalizations from Covid-19 decreased from 3044 to 417 before and after the community-based interventions. Conclusion Epidemic management when combined with community participation can be very effective in crisis situations. Strengthening the disease care system and more supervision in the implementation of the strategy and having an effective relationship with the doctors of the private sector to comply with the national protocol, an effective step will be taken towards the control of this disease and finally its elimination.